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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and nicotinic cholinergic mechanisms of the central nervous system

All of these substances are carcinogenic, or have the potential to cause cancer

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Shortened telomeres could explain, in part, why smokers typically die younger than non-smokers of other age-related diseases, even if they do not get cancer

Even if fertilisation occurs, high DNA fragmentation leads to poor embryo development and higher miscarriage rates Reduced seminal antioxidants: Tobacco depletes zinc, selenium, and Vitamin C in seminal plasma nutrients that protect sperm from oxidative damage Tobacco Use and IVF: What the Data Shows The impact of male tobacco use on IVF outcomes is measurable at every stage of the process: Clinical finding: Studies show that couples where the male partner smokes have significantly lower fertilisation rates, lower blastocyst development rates, and higher rates of failed or poor-quality embryos during IVF compared to non-smoking couples