Of these, 2-fold differences in gene expression were identified for 336 gene transcriptsthe most significantly differentially expressed genes are summarised in Supplementary Table 1 (Supplementary Information), and changes in gene expression predicted by BeadChip Array analysis confirmed by qRTPCR analysis for selected up- and downregulated genes (Figure 4)
The charged residues of peptide (such as Arg/Lys) form a salt bridge with the acidic residues on the enzyme surface (Glu256, Asp322), which induces the conformational change of the active center and destroys the stable coordination of copper ion ( In addition, peptides (such as FRAF) form a multi-level inhibition network by targeting MITF, TYR and TYRP1/2, and its mechanism goes beyond single target intervention: FRAF forms hydrogen bonds with ASP431 and ALA384 of MITF, blocking the combination of MITF and target gene promoters (such as TYR and TYRP1) and inhibiting the expression of melanin synthesis-related enzymes
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This may lead to a buildup of intermediate metabolites that can cause feelings of sluggishness or brain fog
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