Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Emerging Cardiopulmonary Phenotype and Cardiovascular RiskA Narrative Review Ramona Cioboata, Silviu Gabriel Vlasceanu, Maria-Loredana Tieranu, Denisa Maria Mitroi, Eugen Nicolae Tieranu, Gabriela Marina Andrei, Mara Amalia Balteanu, Anca Lelia Riza, Mihai Olteanu Life 3
But international evidence shows regulated vapes are highly effective cessation aids and substantially less harmful than smoking
However, many US and Chinese e-cig manufacturers copied his designs illegally, and as a result Hon Lik did not get the expected financial rewards for his invention (although some US manufacturers have recompensated him through out of court settlements)
doi: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e31826915f1 Vescio RA, Connors KM, et al
Lets not forget that our growing urban centres are spending fortunes in clearing litter and the cigarette butts add to the burden