Emerging evidence links the chemicals in ENDS with oxidative and cardiovascular stress, lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and lung cancer
doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2022.12.022 26
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In contrast, the pathways affected by LF are markedly different, mainly involving cell apoptosis, cortisol synthesis and secretion, fat digestion and absorption, and base excision repair
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