Symptoms can include fever, pain around the nose or eyes, a persistent headache, facial pain and tenderness, and a blocked, congested or runny nose
"Older adult smokers have been smoking for a long time and tend to have lower rates of smoking cessation compared to younger populations, suggesting deeply entrenched behaviour that is difficult to change," said Stephanie Mayne, former doctoral student at Drexel University in the US
Sometimes these holes need to be closed surgically
This case series provides evidence that the number of cases of carbon monoxide poisoning in connection with hookah smoking is underestimated
Exogenous CO administration at low concentrations is protective against intestinal inflammation (Ryter and Choi, 2007