Each assay was performed with both pathways measured in parallel using the same ligand stocks

Access this chapter Subscribe and save Buy Now Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout Purchases are for personal use only Similar content being viewed by others Abbreviations ( NO 2 ): Nitrogen dioxide ( OH): Hydroxyl radical (CO 3 ): Carbonate radical (O 2 ): Superoxide anion ARE: Antioxidant response element BH 2 : Dihydrobiopterin BH 4 : Tetrahydrobiopterin cGMP: Cyclic guanosine monophosphate eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase ERKs: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases H 2 O 2 : Hydrogen peroxide HClO: Hypochlorous acid HONOO: Peroxynitrous acid IB: IB kinase JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinases NO: Nitrogen (mon)oxide NO + : Nitrosonium ion NO (HNO): Nitroxyl ion nitrosyl hydride, or hydrogen oxonitrate NO : Nitric oxide free radical NRF2: Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 ONOO : Peroxynitrite PARP: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase PKC: Protein kinase C RNS: Reactive nitrogen species ROS: Reactive oxygen species SERCA: Sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase SOD: Superoxide dismutases TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha References Acquaviva R, Campisi A, Murabito P, Raciti G, Avola R, Mangiameli S, Musumeci I, Barcellona ML, Vanella A, Li Volti G (2004) Propofol attenuates peroxynitrite-mediated DNA damage and apoptosis in cultured astrocytes: an alternative protective mechanism

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Case reports and post-marketing data have documented various cutaneous reactions in patients taking GLP-1 receptor agonists, including urticaria, rash, and pruritus
The study was published in JAMA by Jacqueline M