EH, HD, and SS carried out the experiments, the data analysis and contributed to preparing the manuscript
The copper coordination is essential for the compounds biological functions, including stimulation of collagen synthesis, promotion of angiogenesis, and modulation of inflammatory responses
Another choice is Trulicity (dulaglutide), which is also a GLP-1 receptor agonist
In the context of early brain injury following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), topiramate significantly reduced the elevated levels of TNF-, IL-1, and IL-6 induced by SAH, suggesting that topiramate may exert neuroprotection via its anti-inflammatory effects ( In an experimental model of abdominal aortic aneurysm, topiramate markedly downregulated pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage activity, reduced the expression of TNF-, IL-1, and matrix metalloproteinase-9, and promoted a phenotypic shift of macrophages from M1 to M2, thereby mitigating pro-inflammatory activity and enhancing tissue repair processes ( These studies collectively suggest that topiramate exerts significant neuroprotective effects across various pathological models through its potent anti-inflammatory properties
This is because Vitamin B12 plays a crucial role in metabolism and energy production